The selection betweenC26000 (Cartridge Brass) and H62 (Chinese Standard Brass) represents a critical decision point in brass alloy specification for industrial applications. This comprehensive analysis examines the fundamental differences, performance characteristics, and application suitability of these two widely-used brass alloys across global markets.
C26000, governed by ASTM standards, represents the Western approach to brass metallurgy with emphasis on corrosion resistance and formability. H62, following Chinese GB standards, prioritizes mechanical strength and machinability at optimized cost points. Understanding these distinctions is essential for engineers, procurement specialists, and manufacturing professionals operating in today’s globalized supply chains.
1. Introduction and Background
1.1 Historical Context
Brass alloys have served as fundamental engineering materials for millennia, with their development closely tied to industrial advancement. C26000 emerged from Western metallurgical traditions, originally developed for cartridge case manufacturing during the industrial revolution. Its 70/30 copper-zinc composition became the gold standard for applications requiring superior formability and corrosion resistance.
H62, developed within the Chinese industrial framework, represents a pragmatic approach to brass metallurgy. With approximately 62% copper content, it achieves optimal balance between performance and cost-effectiveness, making it particularly suitable for high-volume manufacturing applications.
1.2 Global Market Position
Região
Primary Standard
Most Common Brass Grade
Market Characteristics
North America
ASTM
C26000, C36000
High-performance applications
Europa
EN, DIN
CW508L, CW617N
Quality-focused manufacturing
East Asia
JIS, GB
H62, H68, C2600
Volume production emphasis
Southeast Asia
Mixed (ASTM/GB)
C26000, H62
Cost-sensitive markets
Middle East
ASTM/EN
C26000, CW508L
Infrastructure projects
Latin America
ASTM
C26000
Resource extraction industries
2. Chemical Composition Analysis
2.1 Detailed Composition Comparison
Elemento
C26000 (ASTM B36)
H62 (GB/T 5231)
Impacto nas propriedades
Cobre
68.5 – 71.5%
60.5 – 63.5%
Corrosion resistance, conductivity, ductility
Zinco (Zn)
Balance (28.5 – 31.5%)
Balance (36.0 – 39.0%)
Strength, hardness, cost reduction
Chumbo (Pb)
≤ 0.07%
≤ 0,08%
Machinability enhancement
Ferro (Fe)
≤ 0.05%
≤ 0.15%
Strength increase, workability reduction
Alumínio (Al)
–
≤ 0.01%
Deoxidation, strength enhancement
Estanho (Sn)
–
≤ 0.20%
Corrosion resistance improvement
Arsenic (As)
≤ 0.02%
–
Dezincification resistance
Fósforo (P)
≤ 0.02%
≤ 0.01%
Deoxidation agent
2.2 Compositional Impact Analysis
The 8-10% difference in copper content between these alloys creates cascading effects throughout their property profiles:
Higher Copper Content (C26000):
Enhanced corrosion resistance in marine and atmospheric environments
Superior electrical and thermal conductivity
Improved ductility for complex forming operations
Better brazing and welding characteristics
Higher material cost due to copper premium
Higher Zinc Content (H62):
Increased yield and tensile strength
Enhanced machinability due to improved chip formation
Better hot working characteristics
Reduced material cost
Slightly compromised corrosion resistance
3. Mechanical Properties Comparison
3.1 Tensile Properties at Room Temperature
Propriedade
C26000 (Annealed)
C26000 (H04)
H62 (Annealed)
H62 (Hard)
Unidades
Resistência à tracção
300-380
410-540
315-390
440-540
MPa
Yield Strength (0.2%)
75-140
275-380
105-165
285-395
MPa
Alongamento
60-68
15-25
50-65
8-20
%
Dureza (HV)
60-85
115-145
70-95
125-155
HV
Módulos de elasticidade
110
110
105
105
GPa
Fatigue Strength (10^7 cycles)
140
180
145
190
MPa
3.2 Propriedades dependentes da temperatura
Temperatura
Propriedade
C26000
H62
Unidades
-40°C
Resistência à tracção
420
435
MPa
20°C
Resistência à tracção
340
355
MPa
100°C
Resistência à tracção
315
325
MPa
200°C
Resistência à tracção
280
285
MPa
300°C
Resistência à tracção
245
240
MPa
3.3 Forming Characteristics
Forming Operation
C26000 Rating
H62 Rating
Comentários
Desenho Profundo
Excellent (5/5)
Good (4/5)
C26000 superior for complex shapes
Dobrando
Excellent (5/5)
Very Good (4/5)
Both suitable for tight radii
Fiação
Excellent (5/5)
Good (4/5)
C26000 preferred for thin-wall parts
Título frio
Very Good (4/5)
Excellent (5/5)
H62 superior for fasteners
Thread Rolling
Good (3/5)
Excellent (5/5)
H62 much better surface finish
Estampagem
Excellent (5/5)
Very Good (4/5)
Both excellent for fine details
4. Physical and Thermal Properties
4.1 Physical Properties Comparison
Propriedade
C26000
H62
Unidades
Significado
Densidade
8,53
8.40
g/cm³
Weight considerations
Ponto de fusão
915-940
905-925
°C
Processing temperature
Liquidus Temperature
940
925
°C
Casting parameters
Solidus Temperature
915
905
°C
Tratamento térmico
Condutividade elétrica
28% IACS
26% IACS
%
Electrical applications
Condutividade térmica
120
109
S/m·K
Heat dissipation
Coeficiente de Expansão Térmica
20,5
20.8
10⁻⁶/K
Estabilidade dimensional
Permeabilidade magnética
1,0
1,0
μ/μ₀
Non-magnetic applications
4.2 Thermal Processing Parameters
Processo
Parâmetro
C26000
H62
Unidades
anelamento
Temperatura
425-650
450-650
°C
anelamento
Tempo
0.5-3
0.5-2
horas
Trabalho a Quente
Faixa de temperatura
600-800
650-850
°C
Cold Work Reduction
Before Annealing
85%
80%
%
Grain Size (Annealed)
ASTM
5-7
4-6
Number
5. Corrosion Resistance Analysis
5.1 Environmental Performance Comparison
Ambiente
C26000 Performance
H62 Performance
Corrosion Rate (μm/year)
Atmospheric (Urban)
Excelente
Bom
C26000: 2-5, H62: 5-8
Atmospheric (Marine)
Excelente
Fair-Good
C26000: 5-10, H62: 10-15
Água doce
Excelente
Bom
C26000: 1-3, H62: 3-6
Água do mar
Bom
Justo
C26000: 15-25, H62: 25-40
Soil (Average)
Bom
Justo
C26000: 5-15, H62: 10-25
Ammonia Solutions
Pobre
Pobre
Both susceptible to stress cracking
Sulfur Compounds
Justo
Justo
Both require protective measures
5.2 Dezincification Resistance
Test Condition
C26000 Result
H62 Result
Padrão
ASTM B858 Method A
Layer <200μm
Layer >200μm
ASTM B858
ISO 6509-1 (24h)
Type 1 (Excellent)
Type 2 (Good)
ISO 6509
Accelerated Test (80°C)
Minimal attack
Moderate attack
Internal
Field Exposure (5 years)
Surface only
Subsurface penetration
Comparative
6. Manufacturing and Processing Characteristics
6.1 Machinability Assessment
Machining Operation
C26000 Rating
H62 Rating
Velocidade de corte (m/min)
Tool Life Comparison
Girando
Good (3.5/5)
Excellent (5/5)
C26000: 150-250, H62: 200-350
H62: 2x longer
Perfuração
Good (3.5/5)
Excellent (5/5)
C26000: 80-120, H62: 120-180
H62: 1.8x longer
Fresagem
Good (3/5)
Very Good (4.5/5)
C26000: 100-180, H62: 150-250
H62: 1.5x longer
Rosqueamento
Fair (2.5/5)
Excellent (5/5)
C26000: 60-100, H62: 100-150
H62: 3x longer
Acabamento de superfície
Rá 1,6-3,2
Ra 0,8-1,6
μm
H62 superior
6.2 Welding and Joining Characteristics
Joining Method
C26000 Suitability
H62 Suitability
Parâmetros recomendados
Soldagem TIG
Excelente
Bom
Low current, pure argon
Soldagem MIG
Bom
Justo
Deoxidized bronze filler
Brasagem
Excelente
Muito bom
750-850°C, flux required
De solda
Excelente
Muito bom
185-250°C, rosin flux
Soldagem por Resistência
Muito bom
Bom
High pressure, short time
Friction Welding
Bom
Muito bom
Moderate pressure
6.3 Heat Treatment Response
Tratamento
C26000 Response
H62 Response
Typical Parameters
Alívio de estresse
Good response
Good response
250-300°C, 1-2 hours
Full Anneal
Excelente
Excelente
450-650°C, controlled cooling
Partial Anneal
Muito bom
Muito bom
350-450°C, air cooling
Endurecimento da idade
Não aplicável
Não aplicável
Single-phase alloys
Grain Refinement
Possible
Possible
Controlled deformation + anneal
7. Application-Specific Performance
7.1 Industry Applications Matrix
Setor industrial
Inscrição
C26000 Preference
H62 Preference
Selection Criteria
Arquitetura
Door hardware
★★★★★
★★★
Appearance, corrosion resistance
Arquitetura
Window fittings
★★★★★
★★★
Weather resistance, formability
Automotivo
Radiator cores
★★★★
★★★★★
Cost, thermal conductivity
Automotivo
Fuel system
★★★★★
★★★
Resistência à corrosão
Eletrônica
Conectores
★★★★★
★★★
Conductivity, reliability
Eletrônica
Afotos de calor
★★★★
★★★★★
Cost-performance ratio
Marinho
Propeller hardware
★★★★★
★★
Seawater resistance
Marinho
Deck fittings
★★★★★
★★★
Resistência à corrosão
Encanamento
Corpos de válvulas
★★★★
★★★★★
Machinability, cost
Encanamento
Pipe fittings
★★★★★
★★★
Dezincification resistance
7.2 Performance in Specific Applications
Inscrição
Critical Properties
C26000 Advantages
H62 Advantages
Cartridge Cases
Formability, strength
Proven military heritage, deep drawing capability
Cost-effective for sporting ammunition
Lamp Components
Conductivity, corrosion resistance
Superior atmospheric resistance
Lower cost for indoor applications
Clock Movements
Precision, stability
Dimensional stability, fine machining
Cost-effective for movement gears
Instrumentos musicais
Acoustic properties, workability
Traditional choice, excellent forming
Cost advantage for student instruments
Decorative Hardware
Appearance, durability
Superior outdoor performance
Indoor applications, high-volume production
8. Economic and Supply Chain Considerations
8.1 Cost Analysis Factors
Cost Component
C26000 Impact
H62 Impact
Typical Difference
Matéria-prima
Higher copper content
Lower copper content
H62: 15-25% lower
Em processamento
Standard rates
Improved machinability
H62: 10-20% lower
Secondary Operations
Padrão
Reduced finishing
H62: 5-15% lower
Controle de qualidade
Padrão
Padrão
Comparable
Transportation
Padrão
Padrão
Comparable
Total Manufactured Cost
Linha de base
Reduced
H62: 12-20% lower
8.2 Global Supply Chain Characteristics
Região
C26000 Availability
H62 Availability
Lead Times
Quality Consistency
North America
Excelente
Limitado
2-4 weeks
Muito alto
Europa
Excelente
Moderado
3-6 weeks
Muito alto
China
Bom
Excelente
1-2 weeks
Alto
Southeast Asia
Bom
Excelente
2-3 weeks
Good-High
Índia
Moderado
Bom
4-6 semanas
Moderate-Good
Brazil
Bom
Limitado
6-8 semanas
Bom
8.3 Market Pricing Trends (5-Year Historical)
Ano
Copper Price Index
C26000 Relative Price
H62 Relative Price
Price Differential
2019
100
100
82
18%
2020
95
96
79
17%
2021
125
126
104
17%
2022
135
137
113
18%
2023
115
116
96
17%
9. Standards and Specifications
9.1 International Standards Comparison
Standard Body
C26000 Designation
H62 Equivalent
Alcance
Regional Usage
ASTM (USA)
C26000
–
Material specification
North/South America
EN (Europe)
CW508L
–
European standard
União Europeia
JIS (Japan)
C2600
C2680
Japanese industrial
Japan, Southeast Asia
GB (China)
–
H62
Chinese national
China, developing markets
IS (India)
–
Similar to H62
Indian standard
India, surrounding regions
ABNT (Brazil)
NBR equivalent
–
Brazilian standard
Brazil
9.2 Quality Specifications Comparison
Test Parameter
C26000 Requirement
H62 Requirement
Método de teste
Composição química
ASTM B36
GB/T 5231
ICP-OES, XRF
Tensile Properties
ASTM B36
GB/T 228
Universal testing
Grain Size
ASTM E112
GB/T 6394
Metallographic
Qualidade da superfície
ASTM B36
GB/T 8888
Visual, dimensional
Dimensional Tolerance
ASTM B36
GB/T 4423
Precision measurement
Resistência à corrosão
ASTM B858
GB/T 10119
Accelerated testing
10. Selection Guidelines and Decision Matrix
10.1 Application-Based Selection Criteria
Priority Factor
Peso
C26000 Score
H62 Score
Weighted Impact
High Corrosion Environment
Atmospheric resistance
25%
9
7
C26000: +0.5
Marine exposure
20%
8
6
C26000: +0.4
Chemical compatibility
15%
8
7
C26000: +0.15
Cost-Sensitive Applications
Custo de materiais
30%
6
9
H62: +0.9
Processing cost
20%
7
9
H62: +0.4
Precision Manufacturing
Maquinabilidade
25%
7
9
H62: +0.5
Surface finish
20%
7
9
H62: +0.4
Dimensional accuracy
15%
8
8
Tie
10.2 Regional Selection Preferences
Região
Primary Choice
Secondary Choice
Driving Factors
North America
C26000
C36000
Performance standards, marine applications
Europa
CW508L (C26000 equiv.)
CW617N
Environmental regulations, quality focus
China
H62
H68
Cost optimization, manufacturing volume
Southeast Asia
Mixed preference
Context-dependent
Market maturity, application mix
Middle East
C26000
H62
Harsh environment, infrastructure projects
Latin America
C26000
Local alternatives
Resource industries, marine exposure
11. Future Trends and Developments
11.1 Market Evolution Drivers
The brass alloy market continues evolving under several key influences:
Regulamentos Ambientais: Increasing focus on lead content reduction drives specification changes. Both C26000 and H62 maintain low lead levels, positioning them favorably compared to free-machining alternatives.
Supply Chain Localization: Regional manufacturing preferences increasingly favor local standards. This trend benefits H62 in Asian markets while strengthening C26000 dominance in Western markets.
Digitalization Impact: Advanced manufacturing techniques, including additive manufacturing and precision machining, may alter traditional alloy selection criteria, potentially favoring the machinability advantages of H62.
11.2 Emerging Applications
Application Sector
Growth Potential
C26000 Advantages
H62 Advantages
Electric Vehicles
Alto
Conductivity, reliability
Cost, machinability
Renewable Energy
Alto
Resistência à corrosão
Manufacturing efficiency
Smart Buildings
Moderado
Aesthetic appeal
Cost-effectiveness
Medical Devices
Moderado
Biocompatibility
Precision manufacturing
5G Infrastructure
Alto
Electrical properties
Production volume
12. Conclusion and Recommendations
12.1 Strategic Selection Framework
The choice between C26000 and H62 should be based on a systematic evaluation of application requirements, operating environment, and economic constraints:
Choose C26000 when:
Corrosion resistance is paramount
Aesthetic appearance is critical
Deep drawing or complex forming is required
Electrical conductivity is important
Marine or harsh atmospheric exposure is expected
Long-term reliability justifies premium cost
Choose H62 when:
Cost optimization is primary concern
High-volume machining operations are involved
Mechanical strength requirements are moderate
Indoor or controlled environment application
Supply chain flexibility is needed
Processing efficiency impacts total cost
12.2 Implementation Guidelines
Design Considerations:
Conduct environment-specific corrosion testing for critical applications
Evaluate total cost of ownership, not just material cost
Consider supply chain reliability and regional availability
Plan for potential material substitution in global supply chains
Establish quality specifications appropriate to regional standards
Quality Assurance:
Implement incoming material verification procedures
Establish processing parameter controls for optimal performance
Develop application-specific testing protocols
Monitor long-term performance in service conditions
Maintain traceability throughout the supply chain
12.3 Final Assessment
Both C26000 and H62 represent mature, well-understood brass alloys with distinct advantages. C26000 excels in demanding applications where performance justifies premium cost, while H62 provides optimal value for cost-sensitive, high-volume applications. The global trend toward application-specific material optimization suggests both alloys will maintain significant market positions, with regional preferences continuing to influence selection patterns.
Success in alloy selection requires understanding not just the technical properties, but also the complete application context, including manufacturing processes, service environment, economic constraints, and supply chain considerations. This comprehensive analysis provides the foundation for informed decision-making in brass alloy specification.
This technical comparison is based on industry standards, published research, and practical application experience. Specific applications should always be validated through appropriate testing and qualification procedures.
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