Material: Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) Copper | Document Version: 2.0 | Date: June 2025
Material Identification Designation System Code 標準參考 UNS編號 C11000 ASTM B124/B152 European Standard CW004A EN 1412 日本標準 C1100 JIS H3100 ISO Designation 銅ETP ISO 1634-1
Chemical Composition (wt%) 元素 最低限度 最大 典型的 筆記 Copper + Silver 99.90 — 99.95 Primary constituent Oxygen 0.015 0.040 0.025 150-400 ppm as Cu₂O 銀 — 0.030 0.015 Counted in copper total 帶領 — 0.005 0.002 雜質控制 鐵 — 0.005 0.002 雜質控制 錫 — 0.002 <0.001 雜質控制 鋅 — 0.002 <0.001 雜質控制 Total Other Impurities — 0.050 0.020 Excluding oxygen
Physical Properties at 20°C 財產 度量值 帝國價值 測試方法 電性能 電導率 ≥58 MS/m (100% IACS) ≥100% IACS ASTM E1004 電阻率 1.724 µΩ·cm 6.79 µΩ·in ASTM B193 Temperature Coefficient 0.00393 /°C 0.00218 /°F — 熱性能 導熱係數 390 W/m·K 270 BTU·ft/(h·ft²·°F) ASTM E1461 比熱容 0.385 J/g·K 0.092 BTU/(lb·°F) — Thermal Expansion (20-300°C) 16.5 × 10⁻⁶ /°C 9.2 × 10⁻⁶ /°F ASTM E228 Physical Constants 密度 8.94 g/cm³ 0.323 lb/in³ — 熔點 1,083°C 1,981°F — 彈性模量 117 氣壓 17,000 ksi ASTM E111 泊鬆比 0.34 0.34 —
機械性能 Annealed Condition (O60/O61) 財產 價值範圍 典型的 測試標準 極限抗拉強度 210-250 MPa 230 MPa ASTM E8/E8M 0.2% Yield Strength 70-100 MPa 85 MPa ASTM E8/E8M Elongation (50mm gauge) 45-55% 50% ASTM E8/E8M Rockwell Hardness 45-65 HRB 55 HRB ASTM E18
Cold-Worked Tempers 脾氣 Reduction (%) UTS (MPa) YS 0.2% (MPa) 伸長率（%） 硬度（HRB） H02 ~25 300 200 25 70 H04 ~50 350 280 10 85 H08 ~75 400 320 5個 95
Fatigue Properties 測試條件 Endurance Limit Cycles 筆記 Rotating Beam (R = -1) ~90 MPa 10⁷ 室溫 Axial Load (R = 0.1) ~120 MPa 10⁷ Annealed condition
製造特點 過程 適應性 Parameters/Notes Forming Operations 冷拔 優秀的 Deep drawing ratio r̄ ≈ 2.0 彎曲 優秀的 Min. bend radius = 1t (annealed) 沖壓 優秀的 Clean blanking possible 熱加工 好的 Temperature range: 700-900°C Joining Methods Soft Soldering 優秀的 Use rosin-based flux Silver Brazing 優秀的 Preferred for HVAC applications 電阻焊 公平的 Control expulsion TIG/MIG Welding 有限的 Porosity issues 攪拌摩擦焊 好的 Solid-state process 加工 General Machinability 好的 Tool life index: 20 (Brass = 100) Recommended Speed 120 m/min Carbide tools with flood coolant
耐腐蝕性能 環境 表現 腐蝕率 評論 Atmosphere (Urban) 優秀的 <0.01 mm/year Forms protective oxide 淡水 優秀的 <0.005 mm/year Suitable for potable water Seawater (static) 好的 0.02-0.05 mm/year Copper-nickel preferred >2 m/s Neutral Soil 好的 多變的 PE sleeve in acidic conditions Reducing Atmospheres 貧窮的 — Risk of hydrogen embrittlement
產業應用 工業部門 典型應用 Key Requirements Met Electrical Power Busbars, switchgear contacts, transformer windings High conductivity, reliability 電子產品 PCB traces, connectors, RF components Conductivity, solderability HVAC/Refrigeration Heat exchanger tubes, refrigerant lines Thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance 建造 Plumbing, roofing, architectural elements Durability, formability, aesthetics 汽車 Radiators, brake lines, electrical harnesses Heat transfer, vibration resistance 海洋 Heat exchangers, piping systems Seawater compatibility
Applicable Standards 組織 標準號 描述 ASTM International B124 Copper and Copper Alloy Bars and Rods B152 Copper Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar B187 Copper Busbar B188 Seamless Copper Tube B837 Seamless ID-Controlled Copper Tube European Standards EN 13599 Copper and Copper Alloys – Chemical Composition EN 13601 Copper Rod, Bar and Wire for Electrical Purposes International Standards ISO 1634-1 Wrought Copper – Chemical Composition ISO 2009 Copper and Copper Alloys – Cast Products Japanese Standards JIS H3100 Copper and Copper Alloy Sheets and Strips 賀H3250 Copper and Copper Alloy Seamless Pipes and Tubes
Quality Control Testing Test Category 方法 頻率 驗收標準 化學分析 Copper Content OES/AAS 每熱 ≥99.90% (incl. Ag) Oxygen Content Inert gas fusion 每熱 0.015-0.040% 機械測試 拉伸特性 ASTM E8/E8M 每手 按規格 硬度 ASTM E18 Per coil/bar 按規格 Electrical Testing 電導率 ASTM E1004 每手 ≥100% IACS 尺寸控制 Thickness/Diameter Micrometry 連續的 ±tolerance Non-Destructive Testing 表面質量 Eddy current 根據需要 No detectable defects
Storage and Handling 範圍 推薦 Rationale 儲存環境 Dry, ventilated area Prevent tarnishing Humidity Control <60% RH Minimize oxidation 溫度 Ambient Avoid thermal cycling 包裝 Moisture barrier, VCI paper Corrosion prevention 處理 Clean gloves, avoid scratching Maintain surface quality
Technical Notes Oxygen Content Impact:
Enhances recrystallization and grain refinement Provides balanced strength-ductility relationship Slightly reduces conductivity vs. oxygen-free copper Risk of hydrogen embrittlement in reducing atmospheres Temperature Limitations:
Softening begins around 200°C Creep considerations above 150°C for long-term loading Recrystallization temperature: 200-300°C depending on cold work Design Considerations:
Coefficient of thermal expansion must be considered in multi-material assemblies Galvanic compatibility with other metals in wet environments Joint design critical for high-current applications Document prepared in accordance with: ASTM, EN, ISO, and JIS standards For additional technical support: Contact your material supplier or accredited testing laboratory
