C36000 Description
C36000 Free Cutting Brass is a high-performance copper-zinc alloy engineered specifically for superior machinability. Containing 2.5-3.0% lead for enhanced cutting characteristics, this alloy delivers exceptional chip control, extended tool life, and superior surface finishes. With a machinability rating of 100% (industry standard), C36000 enables high-speed production of precision components while maintaining excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance.
Quick Specifications
C36000 Free Cutting Brass – Technical Product Introduction
Product Overview
C36000 Free Cutting Brass, also known as Alloy 360 or Free Machining Brass, is a copper-zinc alloy specifically engineered for exceptional machinability. This alloy incorporates controlled amounts of lead to significantly enhance cutting characteristics, making it the industry standard for high-speed machining operations and precision component manufacturing.
Key Technical Features
Особенность | Технические характеристики | Technical Advantage |
---|---|---|
высокая проводимость | 100% (industry standard) | Fastest cutting speeds, best chip control |
Lead Content | 2.5-3.0% | Optimal chip breaking and tool lubrication |
Surface Finish Capability | Ra 0.4-0.8 μm | Minimal secondary finishing required |
Формование и изгиб | 115 W/m·K | Excellent heat dissipation during machining |
Электрическая проводимость | 26% IACS | Suitable for electrical applications |
Устойчивость к коррозии | Good in atmospheric conditions | Long-term durability in most environments |
Химический состав
Standard Chemical Composition (ASTM B16)
Элемент | Содержание (%) | Функция | Typical Analysis |
---|---|---|---|
Медь | 60.0-63.0 | Base metal for strength and conductivity | 61,5 |
Цинк (Zn) | который представляет собой продукт из высококачественного алюминиевого сплава, изготовленный путем термообработки и предварительного растяжения. | Strength enhancement and cost optimization | 35.5 |
Свинец (Pb) | 2.5-3.0 | Machinability enhancement and chip control | 2,8 |
Железо (Fe) | ≤0,35 | Controlled impurity | 0.15 |
Никель (Ni) | ≤0,5 | Minor alloying element | 00,25 |
Алюминий (Al) | ≤0,05 | Раскислитель | 00,02 |
Другие элементы | ≤0.5 total | Controlled impurities | - |
Compositional Comparison with Related Alloys
Сплав | Медь (%) | Zn (%) | Pb (%) | Primary Characteristic |
---|---|---|---|---|
C36000 | 60.0-63.0 | Рем | 2.5-3.0 | Excellent machinability |
C26000 | 68.5-71.5 | Рем | - | High ductility |
C38500 | 56.0-59.0 | Рем | 2,5-3,5 | Архитектурные приложения |
C46400 | 59.0-62.0 | Рем | - | Naval brass |
C35300 | 60.0-63.0 | Рем | 1.5-2.5 | Medium lead content |
Механические свойства
Mechanical Properties by Temper Condition
Temper Designation | Прочность на растяжение (МПа) | Предел текучести (МПа) | Удлинение (%) | Hardness (Rb) | Reduction of Area (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
O61 (Annealed) | 338-380 | 124-140 | 45-53 | 50-60 | 55-65 |
H01 (1/4 Hard) | 370-415 | 140-310 | 25-35 | 62-75 | 45-55 |
H02 (1/2 Hard) | 415-450 | 165-345 | 20-30 | 75-85 | 35-45 |
H04 (Full Hard) | 450-485 | 180-380 | 15-25 | 80-90 | 25-35 |
Fatigue and Impact Properties
Имущество | Формование и изгиб | Test Condition | Стандарт |
---|---|---|---|
Предел выносливости | 140-160 MPa | 10⁸ cycles, rotating beam | ASTM D7791 |
Воздействие сила | 35-45 J | Charpy V-notch, room temperature | АСТМ Е23 |
Fracture Toughness | 45-55 MPa√m | Plane strain conditions | ASTM E399 |
Endurance Limit | 130-150 MPa | Fully reversed loading | ASTM D7791 |
Физические свойства
Thermal and Electrical Properties
Имущество | Формование и изгиб | Ед. изм | Температура (°С) | Метод испытания |
---|---|---|---|---|
Плотность | 8.49 | г / см³ | 20 | ASTM B311 |
Melting Point (Solidus) | 885 | ° C | - | DSC Analysis |
Melting Point (Liquidus) | 900 | ° C | - | DSC Analysis |
Формование и изгиб | 115 | W/m · k | 20 | ASTM E1461 |
Формование и изгиб | 125 | W/m · k | 100 | ASTM E1461 |
Электрическая проводимость | 26 | % IACS | 20 | ASTM B193 |
Удельное электрическое сопротивление | 0.066 | O2 Холоднокатаная штамповая сталь Описание | 20 | ASTM B193 |
Thermal Expansion and Modulus Properties
Имущество | Формование и изгиб | Ед. изм | Диапазон температур | Стандарт |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient of Linear Expansion | 20,5 | μm/m·°C | 20-100°С | ASTM E831 |
Coefficient of Linear Expansion | 21,0 | μm/m·°C | 20-200°С | ASTM E831 |
Модуль упругости | 97 | ГПа | 20°С | ASTM E111 |
Модуль сдвига | 37 | ГПа | 20°С | ASTM E143 |
Коэффициент Пуассона | 0.34 | - | 20°С | ASTM E132 |
Удельная теплоемкость | 377 | J/kg·K | 20°С | ASTM E1269 |
Machinability Characteristics
Optimal Machining Parameters
Операция | Speed (m/min) | Скорость корма (мм/rev) | Глубина разреза (мм) | Tool Geometry | Surface Finish (Ra μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turning – Roughing | 150-300 | 00,25-0,50 | 2,0-5,0 | CNMG, DNMG | 1.6-3.2 |
Turning – Finishing | 200-400 | 0.05-0.20 | 0.5-2.0 | CNMG, VCMT | 0.4-0,8 |
Face Milling | 100-200 | 0.10-0.30 | 1.0-3.0 | Face mill insert | 0.8-1.6 |
End Milling | 80-150 | 00,08-0,20 | 1,0-2,0 | Carbide end mill | 0.8-1.6 |
Drilling (HSS) | 30-60 | 0.10-0.30 | - | 118° point angle | 1.6-3.2 |
Drilling (Carbide) | 60-120 | 00,15-0,35 | - | 130° point angle | 1.6-3.2 |
Reaming | 15-30 | 0.20-0,50 | 0.1-0.3 | Straight flute | 0.4-0,8 |
Threading | 20-40 | Pitch dependent | - | 60° threading tool | 1.6-3.2 |
Tool Life and Machining Performance
Cutting Tool Material | Relative Tool Life | Recommended Application | Cutting Speed Range |
---|---|---|---|
High-Speed Steel (HSS) | 100% (baseline) | General machining, drilling, tapping | 30-100 m/min |
Uncoated Carbide | 200-300% | High-speed turning, milling | 100-300 m/min |
TiN Coated Carbide | 300-400% | Extended tool life applications | 150-400 m/min |
TiAlN Coated Carbide | 350-450% | Высокоскоростная отделка | 200-500 m/min |
CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) | 500-800% | Ultra-high-speed machining | 300-800 m/min |
Chip Formation and Control
Machining Operation | Chip Type | Chip Control Rating | Recommended Break | Tool Wear Pattern |
---|---|---|---|---|
Формование и изгиб | Short, broken chips | Превосходно | Chip breaker geometry | Uniform flank wear |
Фрезерование | Small segments | Очень хороший | Positive rake angle | Corner wear |
высокая проводимость | Ribbon chips | Хороший | Proper point geometry | Flank wear on margins |
Threading | Fine chips | Превосходно | Sharp cutting edge | Minimal wear |
Applications and Uses
Primary Application Categories
Промышленный сектор | Component Examples | Performance Requirements | Material Benefits |
---|---|---|---|
Автомобильная промышленность | Fuel system fittings, brake line fittings, electrical terminals | Precision, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance | Easy machining, tight tolerances achievable |
Электрика/Электроника | Connectors, terminals, switch components, grounding screws | Electrical conductivity, precision, reliability | Good conductivity, excellent machinability |
Plumbing/HVAC | Pipe fittings, valve components, compression fittings | Pressure rating, corrosion resistance, reliability | Cost-effective, good sealing properties |
Промышленное оборудование | Gears, bushings, bearings, mechanical fasteners | Wear resistance, dimensional stability, strength | Self-lubricating lead content |
Морское оборудование | Non-critical fasteners, decorative hardware | Corrosion resistance in freshwater environments | Good atmospheric corrosion resistance |
Музыкальные инструменты | Valve assemblies, slides, mechanical components | Smooth operation, precision, durability | Excellent surface finish capability |
Specific Component Applications
Component Type | Typical Size Range | Критические требования | Manufacturing Process |
---|---|---|---|
NPT Threaded Fittings | 1/8″ to 4″ pipe size | Thread accuracy, pressure sealing | CNC turning, thread cutting |
Electrical Terminals | 2mm to 50mm width | Conductivity, crimp retention | Stamping, CNC machining |
Valve Bodies | 1/4″ to 6″ port size | Pressure rating, leak-proof | CNC machining, drilling |
Gear Components | 10mm to 300mm diameter | Tooth accuracy, wear resistance | Gear cutting, heat treatment |
Bushings/Bearings | 5mm to 150mm bore | Dimensional accuracy, surface finish | Turning, boring, reaming |
Custom Connectors | Application specific | Electrical properties, fit tolerances | Multi-axis CNC machining |
Performance in Service Environments
Среда | Устойчивость к коррозии | Temperature Limit | Suitability Rating | Limitations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Indoor Atmospheric | Превосходно | -40°C to +200°C | Превосходно | None significant |
Outdoor Atmospheric | Хороший | -40°C to +150°C | Хороший | Regular maintenance recommended |
Пресная вода | Хороший | 0°C to +80°C | Хороший | Avoid stagnant conditions |
Marine (Seawater) | Бедных | Н/Д | Не рекомендуется | Use naval brass instead |
Industrial Chemicals | Переменная | Depends on chemical | Case-by-case evaluation | Chemical compatibility testing required |
High Temperature | Хороший | Up to 200°C continuous | Хороший | Oxidation resistance acceptable |
Available Product Forms
Standard Product Forms and Dimensions
Форма продукта | Диапазон размеров | Стандартные длины | Tolerance Class | Состояние поверхности |
---|---|---|---|---|
Круглый стержень | 3mm – 350mm diameter | 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 6m | h9, h11 (ISO 286) | Bright drawn, centerless ground |
Hexagonal Bar | 5mm – 150mm across flats | 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m | ±0.13mm | Bright drawn |
Квадратный бар | 5mm – 100mm square | 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m | ±0.13mm | Bright drawn |
Rectangular Bar | 3-60mm × 10-200mm | 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m | ±0.15mm | Cold drawn, mill finish |
Hollow Bar (Tube) | 10-300mm OD, 2-250mm wall | 1m, 2m, 3m, 6m | ±0.20mm | As drawn, bright |
ВОЕННЫЙ | 0.5mm – 15mm diameter | Coils or cut lengths | ±0.05mm | Bright drawn |
Dimensional Tolerances and Surface Finish
Diameter Range (mm) | Standard Tolerance (mm) | Precision Tolerance (mm) | Surface Roughness (Ra μm) | Straightness Tolerance |
---|---|---|---|---|
3-6 | ±0.05 | ±0,02 | 0.4-0,8 | 0.5mm/m |
6-10 | ±0.08 | ±0.03 | 0.4-0,8 | 0.5mm/m |
10-18 | ±0.10 | ±0.04 | 0.6-1.0 | 0.3mm/m |
18-30 | ±0.13 | ±0.05 | 0.8-1.2 | 0.3mm/m |
30-50 | ±0.16 | ±0.06 | 0.8-1.6 | 0.2mm/m |
50-80 | ±0.19 | ±0.08 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.2mm/m |
80-120 | ±0.22 | ±0.10 | 1,2-2,0 | 0.15mm/m |
120-200 | ±0.25 | ±0.12 | 1.6-2.5 | 0.15mm/m |
Standards and Specifications
International Standards Compliance
Стандарт | Full Designation | Geographic Scope | Specification Coverage |
---|---|---|---|
ASTM B16/B16M | Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes | North America | Chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensions |
EN 12164 | Copper and copper alloys – Rod for machining purposes | Европа | Manufacturing requirements, tolerances, testing |
ОН H3250 | Copper and copper alloy rods and bars | Япония | Chemical composition, mechanical properties, inspection |
ISO 426-2 | Wrought copper-zinc alloys – Chemical composition and forms | Международный | Designation system, chemical limits |
BS EN 12163 | Copper and copper alloys – Rod for general purposes | Великобритания | General specifications, quality requirements |
DIN 17660 | Copper-zinc alloys – Chemical composition and mechanical properties | Германия | Material specifications, testing methods |
Chemical Composition Limits by Standard
Стандарт | Медь (%) | Zn (%) | Pb (%) | Fe (%) | Другие элементы |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASTM B16 | 60.0-63.0 | который представляет собой продукт из высококачественного алюминиевого сплава, изготовленный путем термообработки и предварительного растяжения. | 2.5-3.0 | ≤0,35 | Ni ≤0.5%, others ≤0.5% total |
EN 12164 | 60.0-63.0 | который представляет собой продукт из высококачественного алюминиевого сплава, изготовленный путем термообработки и предварительного растяжения. | 2.5-3.0 | ≤0,35 | Ni ≤0.5%, Al ≤0.05% |
ОН H3250 | 60.0-63.0 | который представляет собой продукт из высококачественного алюминиевого сплава, изготовленный путем термообработки и предварительного растяжения. | 2.5-3.0 | ≤0,35 | Similar to ASTM |
ISO 426-2 | 60.0-63.0 | который представляет собой продукт из высококачественного алюминиевого сплава, изготовленный путем термообработки и предварительного растяжения. | 2.5-3.0 | ≤0,35 | Harmonized with EN |
Mechanical Property Requirements by Standard
Стандарт | Прочность на растяжение (МПа) | Предел текучести (МПа) | Удлинение (%) | Твердость |
---|---|---|---|---|
ASTM B16 (O61) | 338-380 | 124 min | 15 мин. | 50-70 Rb |
ASTM B16 (H02) | 415-485 | 275 мин. | 8 min | 75-90 Rb |
EN 12164 (M) | 340-430 | 140 min | 15 мин. | 60-85 HB |
JIS H3250 (O) | 340-390 | 130 min | 15 мин. | 60-80 HB |
Heat Treatment and Processing
Heat Treatment Specifications
Treatment Type | Температурный диапазон (°C) | Time at Temperature | Метод охлаждения | Resulting Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|
Annealing (O61) | 425-650 | 1-4 hours | Воздушный прохладный | Soft, maximum ductility |
Формование и изгиб | 200-300 | 1-2 часа | Воздушный прохладный | Reduced internal stress |
Формование и изгиб | 700-750 | 1 hour | Water quench | Homogeneous structure |
Process Annealing | 300-400 | 30-60 минут | Воздушный прохладный | Partial softening |
Характеристики обработки
Процесс | Formability Rating | Temperature Requirements | Особые соображения |
---|---|---|---|
Холодная обработка | Хороший | Комнатная температура | Work hardening occurs, periodic annealing may be needed |
Горячая работа | Превосходно | 600-750°C | Best formability, avoid overheating |
Сварка | высокая проводимость | Различный | Lead vaporization concern, ventilation required |
Пайка | Хороший | 600-850°C | Compatible with most brazing alloys |
высокая проводимость | Превосходно | 180-250°C | Easy to solder, good joint strength |
Quality Control and Testing
Standard Test Methods
Имущество | Метод испытания | Sample Size | Частота | Критерии приемки |
---|---|---|---|---|
Химический состав | XRF Spectroscopy (ASTM E1086) | 3 pieces per heat | Every heat | Within specification limits |
Tensile Properties | Tensile Test (ASTM E8) | 2 specimens per lot | Per production lot | Meet standard requirements |
Твердость | Rockwell B (ASTM E18) | 3 readings per piece | Statistical sampling | Within specified range |
Точность размеров | Coordinate Measuring (ASTM E1) | 100% or sampling | Непрерывный | Within tolerance |
Качество поверхности | Visual Inspection (ASTM B250) | 100% | Непрерывный | No defects |
Микроструктура | Metallography (ASTM E3) | 1 per production run | Weekly | Uniform α+β structure |
Defect Classification and Limits
Defect Type | Class A (Critical) | Class B (Major) | Class C (Minor) | Detection Method |
---|---|---|---|---|
Химический состав | Out of specification | Near limits | - | Spectroscopic analysis |
Dimensional Variation | >2× tolerance | >1.5× tolerance | >tolerance | Dimensional measurement |
Surface Defects | Cracks, deep scratches | Shallow scratches | Light marks | Visual inspection |
Hardness Deviation | >±10 points | >±5 points | Within ±5 points | Hardness testing |
Internal Defects | Voids, inclusions | Minor porosity | - | Ультразвуковой контроль |
Соображения по охране окружающей среды и безопасности
Material Safety Information
Hazard Category | Risk Level | Primary Concern | Safety Measures |
---|---|---|---|
Lead Content | Умеренный | Ingestion, inhalation of dust/fumes | Use ventilation, avoid machining dust inhalation |
Machining Operations | Низкий | Metal dust generation | Standard machine shop practices |
Welding/Brazing | Умеренный | Lead fume generation | Adequate ventilation, respiratory protection |
Fire Hazard | Очень низкий | Non-combustible metal | Standard fire precautions |
Environmental | Умеренный | Lead content requires proper disposal | Follow local regulations for metal waste |
Recycling and Disposal
Аспект | Требование | Compliance Method |
---|---|---|
Material Identification | Lead content declaration | Material certification documentation |
Scrap Segregation | Separate leaded brass collection | Designated scrap containers |
Recycling Process | Specialized brass recycling | Certified metal recyclers |
Waste Disposal | Hazardous waste classification | Licensed waste disposal services |
Документация | Chain of custody records | Material tracking systems |
This technical specification provides comprehensive information about C36000 Free Cutting Brass for engineering and manufacturing applications.