Resumen ejecutivo

The selection between C26000 (Cartridge Brass) and H62 (Chinese Standard Brass) represents a critical decision point in brass alloy specification for industrial applications. This comprehensive analysis examines the fundamental differences, performance characteristics, and application suitability of these two widely-used brass alloys across global markets.

C26000, governed by ASTM standards, represents the Western approach to brass metallurgy with emphasis on corrosion resistance and formability. H62, following Chinese GB standards, prioritizes mechanical strength and machinability at optimized cost points. Understanding these distinctions is essential for engineers, procurement specialists, and manufacturing professionals operating in today’s globalized supply chains.

1. Introduction and Background

1.1 Historical Context

Brass alloys have served as fundamental engineering materials for millennia, with their development closely tied to industrial advancement. C26000 emerged from Western metallurgical traditions, originally developed for cartridge case manufacturing during the industrial revolution. Its 70/30 copper-zinc composition became the gold standard for applications requiring superior formability and corrosion resistance.

H62, developed within the Chinese industrial framework, represents a pragmatic approach to brass metallurgy. With approximately 62% copper content, it achieves optimal balance between performance and cost-effectiveness, making it particularly suitable for high-volume manufacturing applications.

1.2 Global Market Position

RegiónPrimary StandardMost Common Brass GradeMarket Characteristics
América del norteASMAC26000, C36000High-performance applications
EuropaEN, DINCW508L, CW617NQuality-focused manufacturing
East AsiaJIS, GBH62, H68, C2600Volume production emphasis
Southeast AsiaMixed (ASTM/GB)C26000, H62Cost-sensitive markets
Oriente MedioASTM/ENC26000, CW508LInfrastructure projects
Latin AmericaASMAC26000Resource extraction industries

2. Chemical Composition Analysis

2.1 Detailed Composition Comparison

ElementoC26000 (ASTM B36)H62 (GB/T 5231)Impact on Properties
Cobre68.5 – 71.5%60.5 – 63.5%Corrosion resistance, conductivity, ductility
Cinc (Zn)Balance (28.5 – 31.5%)Balance (36.0 – 39.0%)Strength, hardness, cost reduction
Plomo (Pb)≤ 0.07%≤ 0,08%Machinability enhancement
Hierro (Fe)≤ 0.05%≤ 0.15%Strength increase, workability reduction
Aluminio (Al)-≤ 0.01%Deoxidation, strength enhancement
Estaño (Sn)-≤ 0.20%Corrosion resistance improvement
Arsenic (As)≤ 0.02%-Resistencia a la desincificación
Fósforo (P)≤ 0.02%≤ 0.01%Deoxidation agent

2.2 Compositional Impact Analysis

The 8-10% difference in copper content between these alloys creates cascading effects throughout their property profiles:

Higher Copper Content (C26000):

  • Enhanced corrosion resistance in marine and atmospheric environments
  • Superior electrical and thermal conductivity
  • Improved ductility for complex forming operations
  • Better brazing and welding characteristics
  • Higher material cost due to copper premium

Higher Zinc Content (H62):

  • Increased yield and tensile strength
  • Enhanced machinability due to improved chip formation
  • Better hot working characteristics
  • Reduced material cost
  • Slightly compromised corrosion resistance

3. Mechanical Properties Comparison

3.1 Tensile Properties at Room Temperature

PropiedadC26000 (Annealed)C26000 (H04)H62 (Annealed)H62 (Hard)Unidades
Fuerza de Tensión300-380410-540315-390440-540MPa
Yield Strength (0.2%)75-140275-380105-165285-395MPa
Alargamiento60-6815-2550-658-20%
Dureza (HV)60-85115-14570-95125-155alto voltaje
Módulo de elasticidad110110105105GPa
Fatigue Strength (10^7 cycles)140180145190MPa

3.2 Propiedades dependientes de la temperatura

TemperaturaPropiedadC26000H62Unidades
-40°CFuerza de Tensión420435MPa
20°CFuerza de Tensión340355MPa
100°CFuerza de Tensión315325MPa
200°CFuerza de Tensión280285MPa
300°CFuerza de Tensión245240MPa

3.3 Forming Characteristics

Forming OperationC26000 RatingH62 RatingComments
Deep DrawingExcellent (5/5)Good (4/5)C26000 superior for complex shapes
DobladoExcellent (5/5)Very Good (4/5)Both suitable for tight radii
SpinningExcellent (5/5)Good (4/5)C26000 preferred for thin-wall parts
Cold HeadingVery Good (4/5)Excellent (5/5)H62 superior for fasteners
Thread RollingGood (3/5)Excellent (5/5)H62 much better surface finish
EstampadoExcellent (5/5)Very Good (4/5)Both excellent for fine details

4. Physical and Thermal Properties

4.1 Physical Properties Comparison

PropiedadC26000H62UnidadesSignificance
Densidad8.538.40S45cWeight considerations
Punto de fusion915-940905-925° CProcessing temperature
Liquidus Temperature940925° CCasting parameters
Solidus Temperature915905° CTratamiento térmico
Conductividad eléctrica28% IACS26% IACS%Electrical applications
Conductividad térmica120109W/m · kHeat dissipation
Coeficiente de expansión termal20,520.810⁻⁶/KDimensional stability
Permeabilidad magnética1.01.0μ/μ₀Non-magnetic applications

4.2 Thermal Processing Parameters

ProcesoParámetroC26000H62Unidades
RecocidoTemperatura425-650450-650° C
RecocidoTiempo0.5-30.5-2horas
Trabajo en calienteRango de temperatura600-800650-850° C
Cold Work ReductionBefore Annealing85%80%%
Grain Size (Annealed)ASMA5-74-6Número

5. Corrosion Resistance Analysis

5.1 Environmental Performance Comparison

AmbienteC26000 PerformanceH62 PerformanceCorrosion Rate (μm/year)
Atmospheric (Urban)ExcelenteBienC26000: 2-5, H62: 5-8
Atmospheric (Marine)ExcelenteFair-GoodC26000: 5-10, H62: 10-15
Agua dulceExcelenteBienC26000: 1-3, H62: 3-6
Agua de marBienJustoC26000: 15-25, H62: 25-40
Soil (Average)BienJustoC26000: 5-15, H62: 10-25
Ammonia SolutionsPobrePobreBoth susceptible to stress cracking
Sulfur CompoundsJustoJustoBoth require protective measures

5.2 Dezincification Resistance

Test ConditionC26000 ResultH62 ResultEstándar
ASTM B858 Method ALayer <200μmLayer >200μmASTM B858
ISO 6509-1 (24h)Type 1 (Excellent)Type 2 (Good)ISO 6509
Accelerated Test (80°C)Minimal attackModerate attackInterno
Field Exposure (5 years)Surface onlySubsurface penetrationComparative

6. Manufacturing and Processing Characteristics

6.1 Machinability Assessment

Machining OperationC26000 RatingH62 RatingCutting Speed (m/min)Tool Life Comparison
TorneadoGood (3.5/5)Excellent (5/5)C26000: 150-250, H62: 200-350H62: 2x longer
PerforaciónGood (3.5/5)Excellent (5/5)C26000: 80-120, H62: 120-180H62: 1.8x longer
MoliendaGood (3/5)Very Good (4.5/5)C26000: 100-180, H62: 150-250H62: 1.5x longer
ThreadingFair (2.5/5)Excellent (5/5)C26000: 60-100, H62: 100-150H62: 3x longer
Acabado de superficieRa 1.6-3.2Ra 0.8-1.6μmH62 superior

6.2 Welding and Joining Characteristics

Joining MethodC26000 SuitabilityH62 SuitabilityParámetros recomendados
TIG WeldingExcelenteBienLow current, pure argon
MIG WeldingBienJustoDeoxidized bronze filler
SoldaduraExcelenteMuy bien750-850°C, flux required
SoldaduraExcelenteMuy bien185-250°C, rosin flux
Soldadura por resistenciaMuy bienBienHigh pressure, short time
Friction WeldingBienMuy bienModerate pressure

6.3 Heat Treatment Response

TratamientoC26000 ResponseH62 ResponseParámetros típicos
El alivio del estrésGood responseGood response250-300°C, 1-2 hours
Full AnnealExcelenteExcelente450-650°C, controlled cooling
Partial AnnealMuy bienMuy bien350-450°C, air cooling
Endurecimiento de la edadNo aplicableNo aplicableSingle-phase alloys
Grain RefinementPossiblePossibleControlled deformation + anneal

7. Application-Specific Performance

7.1 Industry Applications Matrix

Sector industrialSolicitudC26000 PreferenceH62 PreferenceCriterio de selección
ArquitecturaDoor hardware★★★★★★★★Appearance, corrosion resistance
ArquitecturaWindow fittings★★★★★★★★Weather resistance, formability
AutomotorRadiator cores★★★★★★★★★Cost, thermal conductivity
AutomotorFuel system★★★★★★★★Resistencia a la corrosión
ElectrónicaConectores★★★★★★★★Conductivity, reliability
ElectrónicaDisipadores de calor★★★★★★★★★Cost-performance ratio
MarinaPropeller hardware★★★★★★★Seawater resistance
MarinaDeck fittings★★★★★★★★Resistencia a la corrosión
PlomeríaCuerpos de válvula★★★★★★★★★Machinability, cost
PlomeríaPipe fittings★★★★★★★★Resistencia a la desincificación

7.2 Performance in Specific Applications

SolicitudCritical PropertiesC26000 AdvantagesH62 Advantages
Cartridge CasesFormability, strengthProven military heritage, deep drawing capabilityCost-effective for sporting ammunition
Lamp ComponentsConductivity, corrosion resistanceSuperior atmospheric resistanceLower cost for indoor applications
Clock MovementsPrecision, stabilityDimensional stability, fine machiningCost-effective for movement gears
Musical InstrumentsAcoustic properties, workabilityTraditional choice, excellent formingCost advantage for student instruments
Decorative HardwareAppearance, durabilitySuperior outdoor performanceIndoor applications, high-volume production

8. Economic and Supply Chain Considerations

8.1 Cost Analysis Factors

Cost ComponentC26000 ImpactH62 ImpactTypical Difference
Raw MaterialHigher copper contentLower copper contentH62: 15-25% lower
ProcesandoStandard ratesImproved machinabilityH62: 10-20% lower
Secondary OperationsEstándarReduced finishingH62: 5-15% lower
Control de calidadEstándarEstándarComparable
TransportationEstándarEstándarComparable
Total Manufactured CostBaselineReducedH62: 12-20% lower

8.2 Global Supply Chain Characteristics

RegiónC26000 AvailabilityH62 AvailabilityLead TimesQuality Consistency
América del norteExcelenteLimitado2-4 weeksmuy alto
EuropaExcelenteModerado3-6 weeksmuy alto
porcelanaBienExcelente1-2 weeksAlto
Southeast AsiaBienExcelente2-3 weeksGood-High
IndiaModeradoBien4-6 weeksModerate-Good
BrazilBienLimitado6-8 weeksBien

8.3 Market Pricing Trends (5-Year Historical)

AñoCopper Price IndexC26000 Relative PriceH62 Relative PricePrice Differential
20191001008218%
202095967917%
202112512610417%
202213513711318%
20231151169617%

9. Standards and Specifications

9.1 International Standards Comparison

Standard BodyC26000 DesignationH62 EquivalentAlcanceRegional Usage
ASTM (USA)C26000-Material specificationNorth/South America
EN (Europe)CW508L-European standardunión Europea
JIS (Japan)C2600C2680Japanese industrialJapan, Southeast Asia
GB (China)-H62Chinese nationalChina, developing markets
IS (India)-Similar to H62Indian standardIndia, surrounding regions
ABNT (Brazil)NBR equivalent-Brazilian standardBrazil

9.2 Quality Specifications Comparison

Test ParameterC26000 RequirementH62 RequirementMétodo de prueba
Composición químicaASTM B36GB/T 5231ICP-OES, XRF
Tensile PropertiesASTM B36GB/T 228Universal testing
Grain SizeASTM E112GB/T 6394Metallographic
Calidad de la superficieASTM B36GB/T 8888Visual, dimensional
Dimensional ToleranceASTM B36GB/T 4423Medición de precisión
Resistencia a la corrosiónASTM B858GB/T 10119Accelerated testing

10. Selection Guidelines and Decision Matrix

10.1 Application-Based Selection Criteria

Priority FactorPesoC26000 ScoreH62 ScoreWeighted Impact
High Corrosion Environment
Atmospheric resistance25%97C26000: +0.5
Marine exposure20%86C26000: +0.4
Chemical compatibility15%87C26000: +0.15
Cost-Sensitive Applications
Material cost30%69H62: +0.9
Processing cost20%79H62: +0.4
Precision Manufacturing
Maquinabilidad25%79H62: +0.5
Surface finish20%79H62: +0.4
Dimensional accuracy15%88Tie

10.2 Regional Selection Preferences

RegiónPrimary ChoiceSecondary ChoiceDriving Factors
América del norteC26000C36000Performance standards, marine applications
EuropaCW508L (C26000 equiv.)CW617NEnvironmental regulations, quality focus
porcelanaH62H68Cost optimization, manufacturing volume
Southeast AsiaMixed preferenceContext-dependentMarket maturity, application mix
Oriente MedioC26000H62Harsh environment, infrastructure projects
Latin AmericaC26000Local alternativesResource industries, marine exposure

11. Future Trends and Developments

11.1 Market Evolution Drivers

The brass alloy market continues evolving under several key influences:

Regulaciones Ambientales: Increasing focus on lead content reduction drives specification changes. Both C26000 and H62 maintain low lead levels, positioning them favorably compared to free-machining alternatives.

Supply Chain Localization: Regional manufacturing preferences increasingly favor local standards. This trend benefits H62 in Asian markets while strengthening C26000 dominance in Western markets.

Digitalization Impact: Advanced manufacturing techniques, including additive manufacturing and precision machining, may alter traditional alloy selection criteria, potentially favoring the machinability advantages of H62.

11.2 Emerging Applications

Application SectorGrowth PotentialC26000 AdvantagesH62 Advantages
Electric VehiclesAltoConductivity, reliabilityCost, machinability
Renewable EnergyAltoResistencia a la corrosiónManufacturing efficiency
Smart BuildingsModeradoAesthetic appealRentabilidad
Medical DevicesModeradoBiocompatibilityPrecision manufacturing
5G InfrastructureAltoElectrical propertiesProduction volume

12. Conclusion and Recommendations

12.1 Strategic Selection Framework

The choice between C26000 and H62 should be based on a systematic evaluation of application requirements, operating environment, and economic constraints:

Choose C26000 when:

  • Corrosion resistance is paramount
  • Aesthetic appearance is critical
  • Deep drawing or complex forming is required
  • Electrical conductivity is important
  • Marine or harsh atmospheric exposure is expected
  • Long-term reliability justifies premium cost

Choose H62 when:

  • Cost optimization is primary concern
  • High-volume machining operations are involved
  • Mechanical strength requirements are moderate
  • Indoor or controlled environment application
  • Supply chain flexibility is needed
  • Processing efficiency impacts total cost

12.2 Implementation Guidelines

Design Considerations:

  1. Conduct environment-specific corrosion testing for critical applications
  2. Evaluate total cost of ownership, not just material cost
  3. Consider supply chain reliability and regional availability
  4. Plan for potential material substitution in global supply chains
  5. Establish quality specifications appropriate to regional standards

Quality Assurance:

  1. Implement incoming material verification procedures
  2. Establish processing parameter controls for optimal performance
  3. Develop application-specific testing protocols
  4. Monitor long-term performance in service conditions
  5. Maintain traceability throughout the supply chain

12.3 Final Assessment

Both C26000 and H62 represent mature, well-understood brass alloys with distinct advantages. C26000 excels in demanding applications where performance justifies premium cost, while H62 provides optimal value for cost-sensitive, high-volume applications. The global trend toward application-specific material optimization suggests both alloys will maintain significant market positions, with regional preferences continuing to influence selection patterns.

Success in alloy selection requires understanding not just the technical properties, but also the complete application context, including manufacturing processes, service environment, economic constraints, and supply chain considerations. This comprehensive analysis provides the foundation for informed decision-making in brass alloy specification.


This technical comparison is based on industry standards, published research, and practical application experience. Specific applications should always be validated through appropriate testing and qualification procedures.